Why do mountains trap cold winds, is global warming causing double bloom in North India?

New Delhi: It is extremely cold in many parts of the world including India. In the last 40 years, snowfall and cold storms have caused a total loss of Rs 10.28 lakh crore. Due to increasing global warming, weather conditions are affecting the world the most. There will be record heat and record cold in 2023 and 2024. A severe cold wave is going on with fog in entire North India including Delhi, UP, Punjab, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh. Because of this the weather has become very cold. Snowfall in the hilly states and cold winds and falling temperatures in the plains have increased melting. Cold wave has intensified in Kashmir. Most parts of Delhi, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh saw a drop of more than five degrees Celsius in the minimum temperature. Let us understand what is the mathematics of winter, why does cold wave prevail in this season? What is cold sore?

These are the reasons for severe cold, know this

extreme cold: It is a temperature that is so below the historical average that it becomes dangerous for people, animals, crops and buildings and roads.
polar vortex: A large area of ​​low pressure and cold air around both of the Earth’s poles. It is this counterclockwise flow of air that helps maintain cold air near the poles.
Cold air dam: Phenomenon in which a low-level cold air gets trapped in the mountains. This cold air is deposited on the eastern side of mountainous areas and often means that the weight of the trapped cold air is influencing the dynamics of the air mass above.
Snow storm: A snow storm is characterized by sustained gusts of 35 mph or more and falling or blowing snow for three hours or more.

Lake Ice: It forms when air below freezing in winter passes over the warm waters of a lake. Due to this, some of the water in the lake evaporates and the air becomes warm. The moist air moves away from the lake, cools and falls to the ground as snow.
Freezing Rain: Freezing rain is rain that reaches the ground in liquid form and then freezes on contact. The accumulation of ice is called glaze. Glaze is not snow or sleet. This accumulation of ice is often visible on branches or fence wires.
Snowstorm: When there is freezing rain, snow accumulates. This accumulation can be more than half an inch. It falls mostly on trees, houses and wires. Due to this, power and communication links are cut off. During this period, ice accumulates on the eyelids.
Icy Fog: Small, supercooled liquid water droplets in fog can freeze instantly on surfaces when the surface temperature is at or below zero.

What is the effect of excessive snowfall and cold wave?

Due to excessive snowfall and cold wave, dams on the banks of rivers get washed away. These can damage bridges and river infrastructure. Zero visibility may result in degradation or interruption of movement. Due to global warming, there are large fluctuations in temperature. In such a situation, pre-season freeze and warming changes can result in double bloom i.e. premature blooming of buds and early melting of snow. This will cause bushfires to grow each year and may increase the risk of wildfires.

Excessive snowfall can cause havoc in the world

Snow can increase the weight of tree branches up to 30 times and can even cause them to fall, adding up to 500 pounds of additional weight. Equipment such as transformers, windmills, solar panels and oil-gas pipelines may fail to meet energy demands. In 2021, due to these reasons, two-thirds of the population in Texas, America, lost electricity and people faced a drinking water crisis.

Aircraft water system damaged, runway damaged

The water system of the aircraft gets damaged due to snowfall and cold wave. This may cause technical fault in the aircraft. Besides this, airport runways can be extremely dangerous. Frozen snow can cause roofs to collapse. The pipeline may burst and the railway may also be damaged.

When was the coldest day recorded in North India

January 8, 2006 has been recorded as the coldest day in Delhi and North India in 20 years. At that time the mercury in Delhi had reached a minimum of 0.2 Celsius. Strong icy north-westerly winds were blowing in Delhi and North India that day. However, the maximum temperature of the day was 18.7, people got some relief due to sunshine.

Which areas of the country are considered to be in the severe cold wave zone?

The plains of North India are most vulnerable to cold waves. This includes the areas of Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Uttarakhand, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha and Telangana. However, generally the states of North India come under its influence more. Generally, cold is felt more in North India and Central India, while South India is not affected that much.

Why does cold wave occur, understand this process

Cold wave occurs when the temperature reaches 04 degree Celsius or below. Along with the minimum temperature of the day, there should also be a significant drop in the maximum normal temperature. Additionally, the chances of a cold wave increase during the winter season even when the sky is clear. In fact, whatever energy is emitted from the earth and reaches above, in the case of clouds, it gets reflected and returns back towards the earth. This increases the temperature but when the sky clears the temperature starts falling.

What does red alert mean in winter?

Western disturbances occur in winter. At that time, western disturbance from the Middle East sea brings moisture in the air and along with the wind, rain-like conditions also arise. Due to this the temperature starts falling. Western disturbance arrived late in December. For this reason, the first fortnight of December was generally dry and less cold, but due to its late arrival, the weather changed rapidly from the last week of December and the weather started becoming cold. Apart from this, El Nino effect also has a huge impact. This causes complex weather phenomena in the Pacific Ocean, causing changes in weather around the world. In such a situation, cold increases at some places.

It is coldest here in the world

The coldest place in the world occurs at Dome Fuji Station located on the East Antarctic Plateau. The temperature here can fall below minus 133.6 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 92 degrees Celsius) on winter nights. Vostok Station, a Russian research center located on the Antarctic Plateau, is also one of the coldest places in the world. The temperature here has been recorded up to minus 89.2 degrees Celsius.

Which is the coldest place in India

The temperature in Yakutsk city of Russia has reached minus 83 degrees Celsius. In 1954, the temperature was measured at minus 66.1 degrees Celsius in Greenland. At the same time, Oymyakon village located in Siberia, Russia is the coldest inhabited part of the world. Here in winter, snow accumulates on the eyelids. Sela Pass is one of the coldest places in India. It is located between Tawang and West Kameng districts of Arunachal Pradesh. The temperature here drops below minus 15 degrees Celsius in winter.