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New Delhi: Sir William Robert Grove, a physicist from Wales, was doing research on fuel cells in 1839 when he/she discovered that hydrogen could be made a source of electric energy. The world did not pay much attention to his/her discovery about the miraculous power of hydrogen at first. But, when alternatives to coal and petroleum were discovered, everyone realized the importance of his/her discovery.
Robert Grove’s fuel technology was not implemented on a practical scale until the 1950s. But, at that time it started being used in American and Soviet space programs. In the 1990s, cars running on hydrogen fuel cells attracted the world’s attention. After this, it came to light in the conferences held on climate change that if the earth is to be saved then the average global temperature will have to be kept below 1.5 degrees Celsius. This is where the concept of green hydrogen came from, for which Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation stone of a project related to it in Visakhapatnam on Wednesday. Let us know what green hydrogen is and also understand its advantages and disadvantages.

Hydrogen cannot live alone, loves oxygen immensely

According to Rochester Institute of Technology, in fact, hydrogen can never live alone. he/she loves elements like oxygen very much. Hydrogen fuel cells require hydrogen and oxygen to produce energy. This is a technique that takes advantage of the power of hydrogen to be attracted to oxygen. This means that whenever possible these two elements will try to form a bond. Will usually make water. The design of a fuel cell takes advantage of this atomic connection through three major components: anode, electrolyte, and cathode.

Then what is green hydrogen, first understand it

Hydrogen is the most abundant element on our planet. It is usually part of a compound such as water (H2O) or methane (CH4). Pure hydrogen can only be obtained by separating it from other elements, which requires substantial amounts of energy.

95 percent green hydrogen using coal

Whatever hydrogen is being made today, a large part of it, about 95 percent, is made using fossil fuels. Processes such as steam methane reforming and gasification use natural gas and coal, releasing about 830 million tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere annually. This amount is equivalent to the annual CO2 emissions of the United Kingdom and Indonesia combined.

How is green hydrogen made?

Green hydrogen is made from a process called electrolysis, where hydrogen is extracted from water molecules using electricity. This generates a lot of electricity. It is this electricity demand that has made green hydrogen very expensive over the past decades. Electrolyzers, the machines used for electrolysis, which run on photovoltaic energy, can be six times more expensive than recreating steam methane using natural gas.

830 million tons of carbon saved by obtaining green hydrogen

This method of obtaining green hydrogen will save 830 million tonnes of CO2. Which is released annually during the production of this gas using fossil fuels. Similarly, replacing all the gray hydrogen in the world would require 3,000 TWh/year from new renewable sources, which is equivalent to Europe’s current demand.

Hydrogen as clean energy

Global demand for hydrogen for use as fuel has tripled since 1975 and reached 70 million tonnes per year in 2018. Furthermore, green hydrogen is a clean energy source that emits only water vapor and leaves no residue in the air, unlike coal and oil. Hydrogen has a long relationship with the industry. This gas has been used to fuel cars, airplanes, and spacecraft since the early 19th century.

So how can this become the fuel of the future?

Decarbonization of the world economy is a process that cannot be stopped. This will give more importance to hydrogen. According to the World Hydrogen Council, if its production cost is reduced by 50% by 2030, it will prove to be the fuel of the future. China is trying to become a world leader in this matter. It is currently the largest producer of green hydrogen in the world, while it is also its largest consumer.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of green hydrogen

100% sustainable and hygienic: Green hydrogen does not emit polluting gases during combustion or production.
Easy to Store: Hydrogen is easy to store, so that it can be used for any purpose later.
Multidimensional: Green hydrogen can be converted into electricity or synthetic gas and can be used by industry on a large scale.
Higher cost: The cost of production of energy obtained from renewable sources i.e. green hydrogen is still quite high.
High energy consumption: Green hydrogen typically requires more energy to produce than other fuels.
vulnerable: Hydrogen is a highly volatile and flammable element and hence prone to leakage and explosions.

Green hydrogen’s increasing impact in the world

In the form of hydrogen fuel, countries like America, Russia, China, France and Germany have become leaders in different fields. Countries like Japan are technological world leaders. India is also working on the National Green Hydrogen Mission.

66 percent should be obtained from water instead of natural gas

According to the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), the share of hydrogen in the total energy mix will reach 12% by the year 2050. The agency also suggested that about 66% of this hydrogen used should be derived from water rather than natural gas. Green hydrogen is produced by electrolysis of water using renewable energy (e.g. solar, wind) and has a low carbon footprint.

What is brown, gray and blue hydrogen?

Brown hydrogen is produced using coal where emissions are released into the atmosphere. At the same time, gray hydrogen is produced from natural gas, where the associated emissions are released into the atmosphere. Blue hydrogen is also produced from natural gas, where emissions are captured using carbon capture and storage.

What is the status of green hydrogen in India?

Less than 1% of the total hydrogen produced is ‘green hydrogen’. India consumes about six million tonnes of hydrogen every year for the production of ammonia and methanol in industrial sectors including fertilizers and refineries. Due to increasing demand from industry and expansion of transport and power sectors, this may increase to 28 million tonnes by the year 2050.

Share of renewable energy in total energy in India is 40 percent

Renewable energy accounts for 40 percent of India’s total energy. India is the largest importer of crude oil after China and America. However, without large-scale energy storage, renewable energy cannot become a substitute for conventional energy sources. For this, it is necessary to develop storage capacity, only then it can be used on a large scale.

Heavy Green Hydrogen on Lithium Batteries

Lithium batteries cannot store energy on a large scale. At the same time, green hydrogen can be stored in large quantities. It can prove to be an excellent energy source for trucks traveling long distances, battery-powered cars, ships carrying large cargo, and trains.

Use of green hydrogen will increase if it becomes cheaper

The use of green hydrogen in India will increase only when its production becomes cheaper. That means steel, cement and automobile industries will use it only when it meets their cost. At present, steel made from green hydrogen will become 50 to 127 percent more expensive than steel made from conventional fuel. The price of hydrogen in India is Rs 400 to 500 per kg. The use of green hydrogen will increase in the industry only when its price reaches Rs 150 per kg. Refinery, fertilizer and steel industries are the largest consumers of hydrogen.

India will generate 1,500 tonnes of renewable energy daily

Prime Minister Narendra Modi will lay the foundation stone for NTPC Green Energy Limited’s Green Hydrogen Hub Project at Pudimadaka in Andhra Pradesh. This project, costing Rs 1.85 lakh crore, will develop 20 GW renewable energy capacity. India will produce 1,500 tonnes of green hydrogen every day. Besides, products like green methanol, green urea and sustainable aviation fuel will also be manufactured. This initiative is under the National Green Hydrogen Mission which aims to achieve 500 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2030 and promote exports in the sector.