Explained: Mercury above 50, this is the trailer of scorching heat! Monsoon comes to India due to the ‘dance of a boy and a girl’ in the sea 16000 kilometers away

New Delhi: Peru is a small country in South America. It was in the beginning of 1600, when fishermen in Peru, surrounded by the Pacific Ocean, were casting their nets for fish, they noticed that the sea water some distance away from the coast was getting extremely hot. The local Spanish immigrants there called this sea current El Nino, which means little boy in Spanish. It was also called the child of Christ, because this phenomenon often occurs during Christmas. The phenomenon of El Nino is not regular, so it is very difficult to predict it. It occurs regularly at an interval of 2 to 7 years. Scientists started using El Nino to understand irregular and rapid climate change. Recently, the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) has said that there may be heavy rains in the next three months of June, July and August because El Nino is ending and La Nina seems to be developing from the month of June.

Understanding El Nino and La Nina

El Nino and La Nina are very complex weather patterns. In fact, when there is a change in the temperature of the sea in any part of the world, then these weather patterns like El Nino and La Nina are seen. Understand it like this that the temperature of the sea in the Pacific Ocean on the coast of Peru, about 16 thousand kilometers away from India, suddenly starts increasing. After some time, this temperature starts cooling down. This weakens the trade winds, which usually blow from east to west.

Scientific dance as the sea surface temperature changes

According to a report by the Earth Observatory of the US space agency NASA, as soon as the temperature of the sea surface changes frequently, the weather conditions also change. The cycle of rain begins. A special kind of ‘scientific dance’ begins between the sea and the environment. It has two phases – when the sea surface starts heating up, it is called El Nino and the state of cooling is called La Nina. When both the phases reach their peak, they are called El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle.

What is the effect on the weather when El Nino occurs

Dr. Sana Rehman, Assistant Professor in the Environmental Studies Department at Janaki Devi College of Delhi University, says that when the water in the central and eastern tropical parts of the Pacific Ocean starts getting warm, then El Nino starts developing. During the development of El Nino, the trade winds become weak. The warm water is pushed eastwards towards the west coast of America. This increases the humidity in the air, resulting in heavy rainfall. Seasonal changes are seen in the rest of the world, especially in the countries around the Pacific Ocean. On the other hand, in the areas where the temperature remains warm, there is more rainfall than the average.

Is there a connection between the severe heat in India and El Nino?

Dr. Sana Rehman says that El Nino has a deep connection with the severe heat in India. When seasonal changes occur due to El Nino, the arrival of monsoon in India is delayed or there is very less monsoon rain. The north-western region of the country i.e. Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat and some parts of Madhya Pradesh are very dry areas. Here rainfall occurs as an energy absorber. Water has the ability to hold energy. Since there are not many rivers or waterfalls, lakes in these areas, drought occurs more often here. This is the reason why hot winds or heat waves blow in these areas. Extreme weather is also seen in these areas.

El Niño is also the reason behind the change in monsoon

The sudden rise in temperature in the Pacific Ocean triggers monsoon in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. The reason for heavy rains in June, July and August is that the effect of these heat waves i.e. El Nino will decrease and the effect of La Nino i.e. cold winds will increase. Actually, all the seas are not the same. The behaviour of the seas keeps changing due to reasons like temperature and salinity. This difference in temperature also becomes the reason for the change in monsoon. Global warming is the major reason behind the change in temperature. The increasing pollution day by day, the excessive use of greenhouse gases like CFC used in ACs has increased the temperature of the earth, causing floods at some places, severe heat at some places and drought at other places.

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The birth of El Niño and La Niña is still a mystery

Scientists, environmentalists and geographers of the world may have talked a lot about the effects of El Nino or La Nina, but till date it has not been known how El Nino or La Nina suddenly takes birth in the ocean. How it is triggered is still a mystery. Due to El Nino, drought and floods occur in most parts of the world. This is also the reason behind the occurrence of severe heat. This is also a big reason for the increase in fish in the sea.

The mercury in Churu was 50.5 and in Sirsa it was close to 50

The city of Churu in Rajasthan has hit a half century in temperature. Yes, on Tuesday the temperature here was recorded at 50.5 degrees Celsius. At the same time, the temperature of Sirsa in Haryana also reached close to 50. According to IMD, the temperature of Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Bihar, Punjab, Chhattisgarh and Odisha was recorded above 49 to 47 degrees Celsius.

Alert of severe heat and heatwave for three days now

According to the Meteorological Department, extreme heat is expected to continue in Delhi, Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Chhattisgarh and parts of Maharashtra till May 29-30.